Sand Smelt, Atherina presbyter,  infected with the Black-spot parasite. NOT Cryptocotyle lingua.

Butterfish, Pholis gunnellus, infected with the Black-spot parasite

Life style of the trigenetic parasite Cryptocotyle lingua.



Illustration by Brenda Matthews (University of Plymouth)

Fig A

1.  Sea Bird  e.g. Gull  Larus
2.  Free swimming stage
3.  Mollusc  e.g. Winkle  Littorina (not always)
4.  Free swimming stage
5.  Fish  e.g. Butterfish, Rockling, 3-spined Stickleback, Bullhead.
6.  Free swimming stage