The extent that the tide will move up the shore will be marked with a strandline of seaweeds and other debris on the shingle and some of the rocky beaches. If this strandline is not present, the limit of the rising tide has to be deduced from the position of the Barnacles and Limpets on the rock. These animals need to immerse themselves in seawater to feed, but can go for days without feeding when the tide does not come up far enough. When the tide goes out the Acorn Barnacle closes its limestone plates, and the Limpet clamps its shell hard down on to the rock to keep in the moisture until the next high tide.

    Seashells Washed Up at Brighton

Children can collect seashells washed in by the tide and deposited on the strandline. The two halves of mussel shells are the commonest; they are dark blue on the outside with a pearly white interior. However, on southern coasts the creamy-white slipper limpets are also easy to find, their white slipper-like shells contrasting with the darker pebbles. In an hour or so the diligent searcher should be able to find a handful of different marine snails.

Beachcombers (or strandliners) can arrange their shell collection on a computer scanner and transfer the shells directly to an image (see the Strandline Quiz). I would be pleased to receive well arranged collections by EMail as *.JPG images (under 100K in size, scan in at 100 dpi) EMail:Glaucus@hotmail.com. Please include full details of when and where the shells, remains etc. were discovered.

Mermaid's Purses, Cuttlebones, and Whelk egg cases on Lignite

WARNING

White lumps of waxy material washed up on shores around Britain is almost certainly going to be Palm Oil.

BEWARE: this substance is poisonous to dogs.

16 March 2020
A female Short-snouted Seahorse, Hippocampus hippocampus, was washed ashore dead on the Camber Sands on the Sussex coast. This rare stranding may indicate an offshore population.

14 November 2018

Amongst the debris washed ashore on Chesil Beach, Dorset, included Goose Barnacles, Lepas anserifera, Lepas pectinata andLepas hilli, and the rarer pelagic species Concoderma virgatum.

BMLSS Barnacles

27 February - 10 March 2018

High pressure over Scandinavia caused cold air to be drawn in from the Eurasian landmass bringing the cold and wintry conditions over the British Isles, especially to the east of Britain. This was at least contributory to a mass fatality of marine animals blown on to North Sea shores by the easterly winds.
 

Beast from the East (Met Office)

Portuguese Man-o'-War, Physalia physalis, have been washed up on widespread western shores from the Isles of Scilly  to Scotland. Beware of the venomous tentacles that still produce a severe sting even when stranded ashore. Hundreds of this venomous siphonophore were washed up on the sandy beach at Sennen Cove, Cornwall.

September 2017

With the stranded Portuguese Man-o'-Wars came a pelagic predator called the Violet Sea Snail, Janthina janthina,
"I found my first Violet Sea Snail, blown in just east of Perranporth, Cornwall on the north westerlies. Wonderfully, these gastropods live upside down at the ocean's surface on a raft of mucus bubbles and get their colour from eating Portuguese Men-o-war and By-the-wind Sailors, Vellela velella."

9 February 2016
The first tiny Columbus Crabs, Planes minutus, ever recorded along the Sussex coast were discovered by Graham Lyons at Brighton Beach amongst a clump of  of Goose Barnacles, Lepas anatifera, that had floated in after the storm.

January 2016
The first month of the year was characterised by frequent gales interspersed with calm weather. The gales blew in the usual debris of seaweeds and shells on to the strandline, including unusually high numbers of pelagic animals especially thousands of clumps of Goose Barnacles, Lepas anatifera, attached to floating objects have been washed ashore all along the south coast from Cornwall to Kent and on west facing Atlantic shores. Diligent beachcombers have discovered the tiny Columbus Crabs, Planes minutus. amongst the wrecks. Other wrecks include moribund Loggerhead Turtles, Caretta caretta, Triggerfish, Balistes capriscus, and more Barrel Jellyfish, Rhizostoma octopus.

83 tiny Columbus Crabs, Planes minutus, were discovered on a large rope and floating dock on Bournemouth beach, Dorset. The largest was 27 mm, smallest 9 mm. Report & Images by Steve Trewhella Columbus Crabs Reports on Beachcombing (British Coastline)  facebook

2015
28 December 2015
I had an exciting find on Chesil in the morning , the Stalked Barnacle Scalpellum scalpellum, living on the hydroid Nemertesia antennina, or Sea Beard, unlike the other stalked barnacles we are finding attached to flotsam, this species is British, living attached to hydroids on the reefs of Lyme Bay. In 2010 we collected specimens for Danish scientists who were struggling to find the species. It was only because I had found them on the beach that we knew they occurred in Lyme Bay, diving at 30 meters on hydroid covered reefs paid off.

23 December 2015
A Loggerhead Turtle, Caretta caretta, was rescued at Chapmans Pool, Dorset.

Late November - December 2015
Debris washed across the Atlantic Oceans hosted pelagic visitors rarely, if ever, recorded in British seas.
 

Chama florida	Planes minutus	sipunculan  Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) granulatum

The finds included FloridaRock Shells, Stramonita floridana, found by Steve Trewhella living on a Goose Barnacle covered long line buoy found at Chapmans Pool, Dorset; over fifty tiny Columbus Crabs, Planes minutus. amongst the wrecks; miniature amphipods Caprella andreae; and a very special find of the tubes of the tiny Thimble Jellyfish Linuche unguiculata, by Steve Trewhella on Chesil Beach, and by David Fenwick Snr in Cornwall on flotsam.
 
 
 

Cerithium litteratum	Stramonita floridana	Linuche unguiculata

Also, three 60 mm long native sipunculans Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) granulatum were found inside a buoy with seven Columbus Crabs washed ashore on Cornwall. In November another vagrant washed in from America was the Pretty Jewel Box, Chama florida. Tracey Williams found a Scotty bait pot on a beach near Newquay, Cornwall, which contained ten attractive shells of Cerithium litteratum, a Caribbean gastropod mollusc never seen before on British mainland shores. The snails would have entered the pot as larvae, living on algae growing on the inside. David Fenwick Snr also discovered the bivalve mollusc shells of the Crested Oyster Ostrea equestris  Isognomon bicolor and Isognomon radiatus all attached to the same bucket washed ashore at Marazion, south Cornwall.

November - December 2015

Thousands of clumps of Goose Barnacles, Lepas anatifera, attached to floating objects have been washed ashore all along the south coast from Cornwall to Kent. Those strandings occur very year, but it seems that more than the usual number were discovered this winter. Diligent beachcombers have discovered the tiny Columbus Crabs, Planes minutus. amongst the wrecks, as well as few of the other pelagic Goose Barnacles like Lepas anserifera.
Stalked Barnacles on Aphotomarine (by Dave Fenwick)
Barnacles at Aphotomarine

Thousands of By-the-wind Sailors, Velella velella, were washed ashore on various beaches in the south and west.

7 December 2015
A Green Turtle, Chelonia mydas,  was found dead stranded at Porthmadog in Gwynedd, Wales. The approximately 25 cm long turtle was thought to have possibly initially stranded alive, given its very fresh condition. The body of the turtle was recovered from the beach by Gwynedd Maritime Services and then taken to RSPCA Colwyn Bay for storage prior to pickup and transport for post-mortem examination by the Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme UK  (CSIP). This is only the ninth record of this inhabitant of tropical seas (including the Atlantic coast of Spain and the Mediterranean Sea) found in the sea or on the shore around the British Isles.

6 December 2015
A Loggerhead Turtle, Caretta caretta, was washed ashore alive but in a moribund condition on the south-west Scotland shore in Ayrshire. It was moved to Scottish Sea Life Sanctuary (SSLS) in Oban, Argyll and Bute, for recovery and rehabilitation at but died of hypothermia on 9 December 2015. The problem is the seas around the British Isles are too cold for this tropical turtle.

27 November 2015

A large part of a space rocket floated across the Atlantic Ocean from Florida and acquired a large colony of Goose Barnacles, Lepas anatifera, on its one year journey. It eventually beached on Tresco, Isles of Scilly, with the assistance of local fishermen..

25 November 2015
 

Mauve Stingers at Perranporth
Photographs by David Fenwick Snr

Ten thousands of small (about 20 mm diameter) Mauve Stingers, Pelagia noctiluca were washed ashore on Cornish beaches, notably at Perranporth and Porthtowan and other locations on the exposed north coast of Cornwall. This small jellyfish has a reputation a a stinger.

November 2015

About 45 cm long, found on Dornoch beach, Moray Firth Photograph by Robyn Shilland	St. Helen's Beach, Rosslare Harbour Photograph by Larry Dunne

15 June 2015
A Swordfish, Xiphias gladius, was washed up dying on Severn Beach at the mouth of the River Seven where the Bristol Channel narrows. It was two metres in length, including the long bill.

June 2015
Thousands of jellyfish have been reported off the south-western and western coasts off Britain, notable off Dorset and Wales. By far the most noticeable have been the large Barrel Jellyfish, Rhizostoma octopus but also the huge stinging Lion's Mane Jellyfish, Cyanea capillata.

The diameter of the bell in these jellyfish were up to 75 cm.
BMLSS Jellyfish

22 January 2015

Two large Barrel Jellyfish, Rhizostoma octopus, were discovered washed up on the shore at Lancing.

An adult Dealfish (Ribbonfish family), Trachipterus arcticus, was spotted actually swimming offshore in Scapa Flow at Bu in Orphir, Mainland, Orkney. "It was alive as we watched it swim inshore then we went back down with the camera it was on the rocks." Alas, this large 150 x 30 cm (5 ft x 1 ft) and rather distinctive silvery fish, with a long bright orange dorsal fin, perished as would be expected out of its normal deep sea  environment. This unusual fish usually lives at depths of over 300 metres.

26 December 2014

A large stranding of Heart Urchins, or Sea Potatoes, Echinocardium cordatum, occurred off the west coast of Scotland on including Troon and also Prestwick Beach. They were not freshly dead as the tests had lost their spines. The tests washed ashore in the gales.

21 December 2014
Two young Kemp's Ridley Turtle, Lepidochelys kempii, were discovered on the shore near Formby on Merseyside and Cumbria's Walney Island, north-west England on coasts facing the Atlantic Ocean. The critically-endangered turtles usually inhabit the Gulf of Mexico, but may have been "cold-stunned" by a drop in ocean temperatures. These young turtles were still alive but in poor condition. These endangered turtles breed on the coasts of Mexico and are usually found in the Gulf of Mexico and were thought to have blown across the Atlantic Ocean. The turtles are likely to have suffered in the cold seas and would have succumbed if they had not been rescued.

20 December 2014
A huge wreck of jellyfish and pelagic jellyfish-like animals occurred on the north coast of Cornwall with tens of thousands of By-the-wind Sailors, Velella velella, washed ashore on various shores, and a thousand plus Mauve Stinger Jellyfish, Pelagia noctiluca, at Sennen Cove, Watergate Bay and Fistral Beach (Newquay). The stranding also included thousands of Goose Barnacles, Lepas anatifera.

5 December 2014
A two metres long Shortfin Mako Shark, Isurus oxyrinchus, was washed ashore dead on the vast sandy shore at Barmouth, Cardigan Bay, west Wales.

Identification of the the Mako and Porbeagle, Lamna nasus, is difficult and I determined it to be the rarer Mako from the shape of the first dorsal fin lacking a white patch. It is difficult because of the pointed snout and position of the secondary dorsal fin I first thought it was a Porbeagle. Teeth may indicate a Porbeagle? Porbeagle & Mako ID BMLSS Sharks     Barmouth Shark Dorsal Fin Photograph by Paul Johnson

Shark, Head and Teeth Photograph on the flickr gallery hosted by Hugh Griffith Roberts

4 November 2014
A tropical Oceanic Pufferfish, Lagocephalus lagocephalus, was discovered washed up dead on Chesil Beach, Dorset, by Richard Fabbri, having been swept on to pebbles by the high tides. The fish was 30 cm along from head to the base of the caudal fin, but was actually longer than this because this fish inflates itself like a balloon to make it bigger to discourage predators. It does not make a good meal, especially for humans, because the fish more than likely contains a toxin tetrodotoxin sufficiently harmful enough to cause death to anyone eating the fish without expert culinary preparation. It is advisable not to even touch the fish.

The Oceanic Pufferfish is normally found in tropical seas and is a very rare and surprising discovery in the English Channel.

1 June 2014
At Shell Island, Llanbedr, Gwynedd, North Wales LL45 2PJ. I saw thousands of Common Starfish, Asteria rubens, washed up on the shore, some dead and some dying. Many were a washed out white and long dead, others were pink/orange and some were purple. Most were of equal size, roughly 10 cm across, though there were a large number half that size.

Late March 2014
 

Coconuts (and other flotsam) washed up on Cornish beaches can host exotic ocean travellers all the way from the Caribbean Sea. A Coconut discovered on Newquay Beach, north Cornwall, was discovered to be hosting Goose Barnacles, Lepas anatifera,attached to the outer husk, and two species of Martesia piddock that had burrowed into the shell. These were identified as the vagrant and rarely recorded Striate Piddock, Martesia striata, as well as the first British record of Martesia fragilis.

Beached wood and tree trunks may also contain other organisms like small crabs hitchhiking a ride or more likely burrowing Teredo (=shipworms) molluscs including the Big-eared Shipworm, Psiloteredo megotara. found in a tree trunk on Par Beach, south Cornwall.

                                  Dealfish
  Photographs by Traff Cammish

The Dealfish (book name) is a mesopelagic deepwater fish and it appears that it is not all that common even in the sea depths of 300 to 600 metres (or 183 to 914) metres form which it has been reported from the NE Atlantic, not normally including the North Sea (but more than one record held by the BMLSS). We have received occasional reports from off the Scottish islands. It may be a frequently caught fish in the Blue Whiting, Micromesistus poutassou, fishery at depths of over 500 metres off Ireland.
Live Fish Image
Bathyl Zones
Previous Report
2006 Reports

Two further Dealfish have been reported washed up since the first discovery. The second one was discovered dead on the shore at Peterhead, north-east Scotland, and the third discovery was a decayed specimen on the beach between Marske and Saltburn in north-east England. There were probably more washed up and left unreported amongst the flotsam and jetsam after the recent storms.
 

24 February 2014 A Zulu Fish, Capros aper, was discovered by Jess Hughes washed up dead on the shore at Gyllyngvase Beach in Falmouth, Cornwall.

13 February 2014

A dead Lumpsucker, Cyclopterus lumpus, was discovered washed up on Lancing Beach.

3 January 2014
Waves battered the south and west coasts of Britain throughout the day, from Cornwall and the south coast, all up the western coasts to Scotland, propelled by high spring tides, gale force winds gusting to storm force and higher, and a small* storm surge. The most dramatic storm damage occurred when a large area of sandstone cliff at Rock-a-Nore (now part of Hastings, East Sussex) fell into the sea at about 1:30 pm. There was also an appreciable chalk cliff fall near Birling Gap in East Sussex.
(*The storm surge was 0.5 metres at Newhaven, Sussex.)

Starfish and sand burrowing molluscs like cockles were deposited on the strandline in addition to the usual collection of Mermaid's Purses, whelk egg cases, etc. A Grey Triggerfish, Balistes capriscus, was washed onshore off the Gower, south Wales. The power of the waves was strong enough to move the sand in the shallow water and cause erosion of the shoreline and large displacements of sand and shingle.

20 October 2013
A deep water Greenland Shark, Somniosus microcephalus, was found freshly dead stranded at Embleton Bay in Northumberland. The three metres long female shark was recovered by staff of Newcastle University and held frozen at their Dove Marine Laboratory at Cullercoats. The Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme (CSIP) retrieved the shark whilst carrying out demonstration necropsies for undergraduates at Newcastle University and transported it to the Natural History Museum in London, who have (Autumn 2014) completed preparing the shark as a specimen for the national collection.  This large species of shark (> 7 metres & 1,400 kg) is usually found at depths of 1000 metres in the Arctic and boreal Atlantic and is both rarely recorded around the British Isles and relatively little is known of it biology and bionomics.

30 January 2013 >
A sea bird wreck occurred along the Jurassic Coast of Dorset and further away off Devon and Cornwall.  Hundreds of birds have been washed ashore in a poor condition because they were coated in an oily waxy substance. Most of the hundreds of bird victims were Guillemots, Uria aalge, who dive under the water far out to sea.

The sea was very very rough and these two Guillemots were looking bedraggled and tired in a sheltered cove on Portland Bill, and so I thought that was the reason they were there but have now been informed that there have been hundreds of these found covered in a waxy substance between Cornwall and Hampshire so its likely that these two have been affected. Photograph and comments by Pam Parsons on flickr

This Guillemot was washed ashore dead at West Weares, Chesil Beach, Isle of Portland, Dorset. There is not always an obvious cause of death, but the bird probably perished because it got caught in the polluted sea. Even small coatings of the waxy substance would have prevented the bird fishing and preening. Guillemots will live and feed offshore in the first two months of the year rarely coming close to land, unless injured or blown in by a gale.  Photograph and comments by Jason Hoad on flickr

Plymouth University have identified the sticky substance as a form of polyisobutene (PIB), which was used as a lubricating additive in oils to improve performance. It is slow to biodegrade and difficult to remove from the affected birds which will die without treatment. Many of the birds were washed ashore already dead.

14 December 2012

The south-east storm threw up at least six species of fish into the boat noust at Frustigarth on the east side of Shapinsay in the Orkney Islands. There were at least 30 fish of various sizes. Species identified were Tadpole Fish, Ling, young Cod, Saithe, and both Cuckoo and Ballan Wrasse. Similar wrecks occurred on other coasts.

                               Remains of a Thornback Ray
                          Click on the image for more information
 

16 December 2011 A Ray's Bream, Brama brama, was found at mouth of Brunstane Burn SE of Portobello Beach, Edinburgh. Report and Photograph by Kevin Ingleby

15 December 2011
An interesting large piece of wood was washed up on the strandline at after storms on low tide at Sennen Cove, Cornwall: it was completely covered in small to medium sized Goose Barnacles, Lepas anatifera.

On closer examination it was found to have a cavity at one end and tucked into this was a male and a female Columbus Crab, Planes minutus. Small 3-4 mm egg masses and shipworm holes were also seen which included the rarely recorded Bankia gouldi; as well as Teredora malleolus, which made up about 95% of the shipworms in the timber. Under a magnifying glass and discovered a rare 14 mm pelagic sea slug, Fiona pinnata, which has only been recorded a few times in British seas.

23 November 2011 An extremely rare record of a Yellowfin Tuna, Thunnus albacares, was discovered and photographed by Nigel Jones at the foot of a cliff at Dunraven Bay, near Porthcawl, South Wales. The fish was identified from the photographs. It was only the third discovery on record from British seas. Photograph by Nigel Jones   Report & ID by Doug Herdson (Fish Information Services) BMLSS Tunnies

19 November 2011

A Grey Triggerfish, Balistes capriscus, measuring 23 cm long, was washed up on the shore of the Gann Estuary near Dale, Pembrokeshire. It was found on a particularly windy day, with substantial wave action on the northern shores of the Milford Haven Waterway.

24 November 2011
Cornwall Wildlife Trust’s Marine Strandings Network (MSN)
Annual Conference Report

6 November 2011
Portuguese Man-o'-War, Physalia physalis, and Mauve Stingers, Pelagia noctiluca, as well as Goose Barnacles, Lepas anatifera, were discovered washed ashore at Kennack Sands, on the eastern shore of the Lizard Peninsula, south Cornwall.
Image by Kennack Diving

8 October 2011
I  found three Portuguese Man-o'-War, Physalia physalis, loads of By-the-Wind Sailors, Velella velella, Buoy Barnacles, Dosima fascicularis, and Goose Barnacles, Lepas anatifera, at Sennen Cove and Gwynver Beach, Cornwall.
Image by Paul Semmens

6 January 2011
A mass stranding of crabs occurred on the Isle of Thanet coast, Kent; about 40,000 Velvet Swimming Crabs, Necora puber, were discovered on the strandline amongst lesser numbers of molluscs, sea anemones, sponges and other washed up invertebrates. The most likely reason for this mass death was hypothermia.

19 December 2010
I counted 33 Grey Triggerfish, Balistes capriscus, washed up on a half mile stretch of beach across Porth Kidney Sands, Lelant, Cornwall,

12 December 2010
23 mature Grey Triggerfish, Balistes capriscus, were washed up dead on Porthcurnow Beach in Cornwall in the afternoon.

21 November 2010
An unprecedented stranding of over a hundred Barrel Jellyfish Rhizostoma octopus were discovered on the beach at Formby, north Liverpool. "The jellyfish were literally uncountable - we walked about a mile along the beach and they stretched the whole way and out of sight. They were all more than 60 cm in diameter. The previous high tide was accompanied by a moderate wind but nothing exceptional, and it was not particularly high."
Two days later, almost all the jellyfish had disappeared with just a few seen stranded on the shore.

18 November 2010
A Grey Triggerfish, Balistes capriscus, was photographed washed up dead on the shore at Ceibwr, North  Pembrokeshire, SW Wales.

3 November 2010 At least three species of Stalked Barnacles, Lepas hilli, Lepas pectinata and Lepas anatifera were discovered on the high tide mark at Long Rock, Penzance, Cornwall. Strong south-westerly winds had washed ashore a large plastic lid that the animals were attached to.  This is a pelagic tropical-sub-tropical species that is blown to the UK shores on flotsam via the Gulf Stream. British seas are too cold for these species to survive and breed. Report and Photograph by Dave Fenwick Stalked Barnacles on Aphotomarine (by Dave Fenwick) Barnacles at Aphotomarine

Lepas pectinata

BMLSS Barnacles

1 November 2010 A Ray's Bream, Brama brama, was washed ashore at Portobello Beach, Edinburgh.   Report and Photograph by Kevin Ingleby BMLSS Ray's Bream Reports

20 September 2010

8 August 2010
 

The carcass of a baby cetacean was washed up on the shore at South Heacham Beach, Norfolk. It was about a metre long and the skull about 23 cm. It is most likely to be a baby Harbour Porpoise, Phocoena phocoena.

17 July 2010
I made a wonderful but sad discovery as I walked along the pebbles at Chesil Cove, Dorset. At first, I could not take in what I was looking at because it looked, somehow, so artificial – like a large model or toy. This exquisite creature was a newly born (neonatal) Risso’s Dolphin, Grampus griseus.

The stranded body of this small dolphin was about 1.3 metres long. It looked unlike any dolphin I had ever seen before and was clearly not a Common or Bottle-nose Dolphin as it had no ‘beaked’ snout. The odd shape of the head is characteristic of this species as also with the dorsal fin, pectoral fins and the tail flukes.

Flung ashore by huge waves, it was virtually unmarked but for a few grazes and scratches on head and under-belly. The smooth, cold, rubbery skin shaded from almost black, through grey and tan to near white; unblemished and scarless with just a few fine lines and creases where the fins articulated with the body and in the places most stretched – like the jaw line. Apparently the broader barely perceptible marks along its sides are foetal folds and the chief indicator that it had recently been born.

BMLSS Cetacea
BMLSS Whales & Dolphins (by Steve Savage)
14 March 2010
Thousands of Common Starfish, Asterias rubens, were washed up on the strandline on the shingle beach at Budleigh Salterton in south Devon (East Devon AONB). The line of washed up starfish stretched for over a mile.

3 March 2010
A mystery silvery fish with red dorsal fins washed ashore dead on the Isle of Mull, western Scotland was discovered to be a Dealfish (Ribbonfish family), Trachipterus arcticus. This deep water fish is uncommon at depths of over 180 metres and deeper and it is rarely washed ashore.

January 2010
At least fifty Ray's Bream, Brama brama, were discovered over a period of a few weeks by the beach cleaning staff between Roker and Seaburn, at Sunderland, Wearside, north-east England.

13 January 2010
A mass stranding of crabs occurred on the Isle of Thanet coast, Kent; the crabs have been reported on beaches at Westbrook, Cliftonville and Kingsgate, while smaller numbers have been washed up between Broadstairs and Ramsgate. Most of the crabs were the Velvet Swimming Crab, Necora puber, which inhabits the shallow seas beneath the intertidal zone, over rocky substrates.

9 December 2009
An exceptional mass stranding of millions (a galaxy) of Common Starfish, Asterias rubens, stretched in a broad band for over a quarter of a mile on Holkham Beach on the north coast of Norfolk.

Their usual residence would be feeding on the mussel beds offshore. From a previous occurrence underneath the chalk cliffs east of Brighton Marina, Sussex, it is my surmise that the mass migration occurs because the Common Starfish have exceeded their food supply offshore. Perhaps, this occurs because of commercial dredging of the mussels. In this case the stranding could have been exacerbated by north-easterly gales.

5 December 2009
We discovered two Sunstars, Crossaster papposus, on the beach at Winthorpe, Lincolnshire. We have never seen these before on this coast although the five legged Common Starfish,Asterias rubens, are quite common.

4 November 2009 - 30 December 2009

Filey Beach Photograph by Vic Mackinder	Photograph by Jeff Blincow	Photograph by Mike S. Hodgson

Frequent reports of Ray's Bream, Brama brama, being washed ashore on North Sea were received. These strandings occurred in 2008 and earlier years.
List of 2009 Reports
More Reports of Ray's Bream on flickr

> 24 December 2009
Strong south-westerly winds have blown many organisms on to Dorset beaches including the unusual pelagic Striped Goose Barnacle, Conchoderma virgatum, and at Ringstead Bay, near Weymouth a tiny Columbus Crab, Planes minutus, was discovered.

9 December 2009
An exceptional mass stranding of millions (a galaxy) of Common Starfish, Asterias rubens, stretched in a broad band for over a quarter of a mile on Holkham Beach on the north coast of Norfolk.

Their usual residence would be feeding on the mussel beds offshore. From a previous occurrence underneath the chalk cliffs east of Brighton Marina, Sussex, it is my surmise that the mass migration occurs because the Common Starfish have exceeded their food supply offshore. Perhaps, this occurs because of commercial dredging of the mussels. In this case the stranding could have been exacerbated by north-easterly gales.

5 December 2009
A Common Octopus, Octopus vulgaris, was washed up dead on Salthouse Beach, North Norfolk after a week of strong northerly winds and quite rough seas, resulting in a variety of finds along the shoreline. The octopus was found by local diver Rowley Nurse whilst walking his dog along the shore.

We discovered two Sunstars, Crossaster papposus, on the beach at Winthorpe, Lincolnshire. We have never seen these before on this coast although the five legged Common Starfish, Asterias rubens, are quite common.

November 2009
Six species of barnacles were found in a week of sightings at Chesil Beach, Dorset:
Buoy Barnacle Dosima faciculalaria,
Scalpellum scalpellum
Four species of Stalked Barnacles: Lepas anserifera, Lepas hilli, Lepas pectinata and Lepas anatifera.

About 5:00 pm on the shore of Barry Island beach, Vale of Glamorgan, South Wales, a chap spotted a fin sticking out of the water and hauled in a dead Broad-billed Swordfish, Xiphias gladius, watched by a swarm of congregating gulls. The last British report was also washed up on Barry Island in July 2008.

They are often called a Broad-billed Swordfish, but there is only one species in the world. They are found throughout the tropical and temperate waters of the world but appear to prefer sea temperatures of 18°  C to 22°C, migrating to cooler waters to feed in the summer.  These oceanic fish chase herring and mackerel and are among the fastest fish reaching 90 km.h-1 (56 mph). This is in part due to their being warm-blooded, which allows not only their muscles but also their brain and eyes to work more efficiently.

18 May 2009
A large wreck of millions of By-the-Wind Sailors, Velella velella, started getting washed ashore and extended, at least several miles east from Penzance, south Cornwall.
 

The specimens are very small, only a few millimetres in length. More Velella arrived on each tide.

Thousands more were discovered washed up at Whitby in North Yorkshire.

13 May 2009
About 50 specimens of the Bluefire Jellyfish, Cyanea lamarcki, were washed up on Havelet beach, on the south side of St. Peter Port, on the east coast of Guernsey and recorded at 5.19 pm.

The jellyfish in the image measures about 30 cm across but most were much smaller.

ADUR WORLD OCEANS DAY
Understanding and celebrating our marine environment

Saturday 6 June 2009
10:00 am to 4:00 pm

on Coronation Green, Shoreham-by-Sea, Sussex,
as part of the Adur Festival

 

Adur was one of the UK leaders in presenting the eleventh environmental exhibition of World Oceans Day on Coronation Green, Shoreham-by-Sea.

Adur World Oceans Day took place in the marquee on Coronation Green on 6th June 2009 on the opening Saturday of the Adur Festival. Len Nevell was there with the usual exhibition of lobsters and crabs. The innovative aquarium displays of seashore life, strandline exhibits and photographs will again be in on show. Experts will be on hand to answer your queries about life in the oceans and on the seashore.

I think World Oceans Day this is best described by the Nobel prize winning author John Steinbeck when writing about Ed 'Doc' Ricketts of Cannery Row fame in which he wrote 'commercial fishermen harvest the sea to feed men's bodies and a marine biologist harvests the sea to feed men's minds'
Quote by Andy Horton (British Marine Life Study Society)

The Friends of Shoreham Beach played an important part with their own displays and information about the Nature Reserve and plants of the shingle beach.

Len Nevell: Lobster's Meal Time
 

Adur World Oceans Day is run by a committee comprising representatives of the British Marine Life Study Society, West Sussex County Council, the Sea Watch Foundation, Friends of Shoreham Beach and other groups, with support from Adur District Council.

World Oceans Day was declared at the Earth Summit in 1992.

World Oceans Day UK Web Page

Sussex Marine Jottings Report and Images

1 February 2009
An unusual discovery washed up on the shore at Hauxley near Amble in Northumberland on the north-east coast of England was the decaying remains of an Oarfish (or Ribbon Fish), Regalecus glesne. This is a deep water species and the longest fish found in the oceans reaching a length of 11 metres. The last known British record was from Skinningrove, Cleveland on the north-east coast in 2003.

January 2009
 

Photograph by Chris Fairchild	Photograph by Kev Tomlinson

Ray's Bream, Brama brama, continue their strandings on the east coast of England and Scotland.  Most of them are found dead on the beach, intact or scavenged by gulls, whilst occasionally they are discovered alive flapping in the shallow water surf.
More Reports

2 October 2008
The first By-the-Wind Sailors, Velella velella, reported this year are washed up in small numbers between Loch Ewe and Black Bay, Wester Ross, on the west coast of Scotland. The White-tailed Sea Eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla, can be seen in this area. Its main diet is reported to be other sea birds including Fulmars and Kittiwakes.
BMLSS Velella
Gairloch Marine Life Centre
Eagles & Crofters

30 August 2008

Portuguese Man-o'-War, Physalia physalis, washed up on Pendine Sandsin Carmarthenshire, south Wales.

Photograph and Report by Chris English

3 July 2008

A Broad-billed Swordfish, Xiphias gladius, was discovered washed up dead on Barry Island beach, Vale of Glamorgan, South Wales.  It was carefully examined by Dr Peter Howlett, (Curator of Lower Vertebrates, National Museum, Wales) who confirmed the identification and found it to be a young specimen 2.24 metres long and between 60 and 80 kg in weight.  It had been dead only a few days, but it had been scavenged by other creatures and it was not possible to determine the cause of its death.

Full Report
BMLSS Swordfish Reports

April 2008
 

There has been at least half a dozen reports of Squid eggs frequently washed up on the shore along the English Channel coast. BMLSS Squid Eggs

26 March 2008
After a recent bout of northerlies in North Wales I took the dog for a walk down on Red Wharf Bay on Anglesey and found all sorts of things washed up. Much of the material was deposited across the entire intertidal to the east of the bay, but more concentrated on the strandline towards the west.
Brittlestars (various species) were particularly abundant on the upper shore, with patches a couple of inches (or more) thick. Common Starfish, Asterias rubens,  were also very abundant, as a rough guess at 5-10 per square metre. Species such as the Sand Starfish Astropecten irregularis, Heart Urchin Echinocardium cordatum, Dead Men's Fingers Alcyonium digitatum, Masked Crabs, Corystes spp., and various sipunculids (Peanut Worms) were also washed up in considerable numbers, as were various shark and ray eggcases, a couple of which I brought back to ID. Of the more unusual species, I found three Angular Crabs, Goneplax rhomboides, a small Conger Eel (approx. 50 cm long) and a dead Chough, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax.

23 March 2008
 

Over Easter, after some heavy storms with snow blowing in off the North Sea, I discovered hundreds of thousands of Razorfish, Ensis sp. (a bivalve mollusc), hundreds of Common Starfish, Asterias rubens,  lots of Sunstars, Crossaster papposus, and Brittlestars washed up on the sands of Holkham Beach.

Hundreds of the sea cucumber Thyone fusus, many exuding their guts and gonads as a response to the stress, were discovered washed dead on up on the shore Newborough , Anglesey, in North Wales (only a few nautical miles from Dinas Dinlle).

4 February 2008

23 January 2008
 

Two 'Mermaid's Purses', containing the eggs or young of the Lesser-spotted Dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula, were found lying amongst the timber and seaweed debris on the strandline of Shoreham Beach.

22 January 2008
 

A dead Short-snouted Seahorse, Hippocampus hippocampus, was discovered by Craig Vernoit on Brighton Beach just to the east of Brighton Marina amongst tonnes of timber from the Greek-registered Ice Prince.
BMLSS Seahorses

21 January 2008
 

Timber from the Greek-registered Ice Prince, which sank about 26 miles (42 km) off Dorset after a storm on 15 January 2008, began getting washed up on Worthing Beach in the evening of 18 January 2008 and and tonnes of pine planks littered the Sussex beaches from 20 January 2008. The usual debris was on the strandline including the eggcase of an Undulate Ray, Raja undulata. It measured 67 mm long and 48 mm wide.
A Bottle-nosed Dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, was washed up dead west of Brighton Marina.
BMLSS Eggcases
BMLSS Whales & Dolphins (by Steve Savage)
Adur Coastal 2008

24 February 2007
A dead Gannet, a dead Puffin, and other sea birds, together with miscellaneous cargo debris were discovered washed up on Shoreham Beach. Dozens of pens, car parts, chocolate boxes and bars were seen. These two sea birds are not usually washed ashore in Sussex in such a fresh condition.
 

BBC News Reports:
Stranding
Oiled Birds
Oil Slick

BMLSS Oil Disasters page

4 January 2007
Both species of Violet Sea Snail, three Janthina janthina and one Janthina pallida with the cuttlebones of all three species of cuttlefish were discovered on the beach at Perranporth, Cornwall, (SW 75). The species were the Common Cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, the Elegant Cuttlefish, Sepia elegans, and Obigny's Cuttlefish, Sepia orbignyana.

2 January 2007
At Gwithian beach, Cornwall, (SW 54), 15 Violet Sea Snails, Janthina janthina, with three dead Triggerfish, Balistes capriscus, and one Nightlight Jellyfish, Pelagia noctilica, were discovered on the strandline.

20 December 2006
 

Three Violet Sea Snails, Janthina janthina, were discovered on Marazion beach in south Cornwall.

A scour of the strandline between Sennen and Gwenver on the west coast of Cornwall near Land's End discovered about fifty Violet Sea Snails, Janthina janthina, seven dead Triggerfish, Balistes capriscus. and one Gulfweed Crab, Planes minutus, on a polystyrene float covered with Goose Barnacles, and two Ray egg cases.

17 December 2006
Twenty Violet Sea Snails, Janthina, were discovered along the beach at Woolacombe, North Devon. Most were about 10 mm in size, and some were still alive with their bubble rafts and "inked" when placed in a bucket.  They were washed in with tiny (max 12 mm) By-the-Wind Sailors, Velella velella, Buoy Barnacles, Dosima fascicularis, and a small 15 cm Triggerfish, Balistes capriscus.

16 December 2006
A badly decomposed Leatherback Turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, was washed ashore on Selsey beach, West Sussex. There was much remaining of this large turtle, but the distinctive outer shell and at least one flipper is seen in the photograph by Justin Atkinson.

13 December 2006
The gales of the preceding week also brought in the remains of a Leatherback Turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, on to at Widemouth Bay near Bude in north Cornwall.

12 & 13 December 2006
On the shore at Upton Towans (near Hayle), Cornwall, three Gulfweed Crabs, Planes minutus, (also known as the Floating Crab and Columbus Crab) were discovered living among Goose Barnacle bases on a polystyrene float; and on the second day at Perranporth six of these tiny crabs were found on a plastic barrel and one on a plastic float.

1 - 9 December 2006
The prevailing winds of autumn and the recent gales have washed more unusual pelagic animals on to the shore (with the millions of By-the-wind Sailors, Velella velella, and multiple thousands of Goose Barnacles, Lepas anatifera) notably the small (size of a 10 pence piece) pelagic Columbus Crabs, Planes minutus, with five discovered on the Dorset coast at Southbourne (near Bournemouth) and a further 15 at Hengistbury Head, Dorset. The latter was discovered inside a large shipworm-riddled, Teredo, pole in cavities created by the tiny burrowing mollusc. The Columbus Crabs were found with the Goose Barnacles and there are clues that the buoys, wooden pallets, fish boxes etc. have been floating around the Atlantic Ocean for two years or more and are American in origin.

29 November 2006
About a hundred small Goose Barnacles, Lepas anatifera, were seen washed up attached to a broken plastic fish box on the strandline of Shoreham Beach (Ferry  Road access) after the recent southerly gales.

26 November 2006
Thousands of By-the-wind Sailors, Velella velella, are washed up on Welsh beaches, notably a narrow but continuous line of Velella velella washed up on the high tide mark at Borthwen, Rhoscolyn, Anglesey (southern end of Ynys Cybi - Holy Island), north Wales (Ian Wright); literally thousands stranded on a small bay at the Mumbles, Swansea (Jess Pitman); a swarm amounting to about two hundred were washed up on Porthllysgi beach off the coast of St. Davids in south west Wales (Eleri Davies); thousands, if not millions, of By-the-wind Sailors washed up on a beach at Criccieth (on the southern coast of the Lleyn Peninsula), Gwynedd, north Wales (Eilir Daniels); and an armada, a thick layer of jellyfish about a metre thick on the strandline in both directions at Cefn Sidan Beach at Pembrey, south west Wales (Bella).
BMLSS Velella

2 November 2006
After a period of warm southerly and south-westerly winds, the weather changed. Strong colder winds came from the north-east and an easterly direction. By-the-wind Sailors, Velella velella, entered St. Peter Port harbour on Guernsey's east coast, driven in by the wind. Commercial fisherman Clive Brown called to tell me that about 25 Velella velella were washed up on the shore near his dinghy in the harbour. I went down to the Albert marina and I was able to collect four Velella velella by reaching out from a pontoon. This picture shows one of them mirrored by the water's surface:

25 October 2006
I was approximately 5 to 6 miles west of the Casquettes, off Alderney, Channel Islands, and I saw about ten Velella velella being blown past our boat in a few minutes.

13 - 14 August 2006

Large numbers of Buoy Barnacles, Dosima fascicularis, were found stranded on the north coast beaches of Northern Ireland, e.g. Portstewart Strand and White Park Bay (County Antrim). There were at least six of these batches seen on the White Park Bay beach during the walk

Buoy Barnacles are attached to floats that they had secreted that have a texture like that of expanding foam.

3 - 7 August 2006

Thousands of the stalked Buoy Barnacles, Dosima fascicularis, are washed ashore on the beaches of Connemara, County Galway, south-west Ireland. They were stranded all along the west coast of Ireland.

29 June 2006

I found this animal washed up on Blackpool beach, Lancashire.  It was so interesting I photographed it.  It was unfortunately dead or I would not have disturbed it.  It was wet as I washed off dried sand which revealed its beautiful colours.

The Runner Crab (or Square Crab), Goneplax rhomboides, is an offshore crab of muddy areas which is occasionally washed up on dead on the strandline. The crab (with a missing claw) in the photograph by Ade Jupp was found washed up at Hythe, Kent, on 24 December 2005.

c. 8 April 2005
Part of a fish skeleton was discovered on the strandline on Shoreham Beach, Sussex, as shown in the photograph. There were at least half a dozen of these skulls of various sizes.
 

The skeleton has not been positively identified, but the best guess is that it is a skull of the Lesser Spotted Dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula.

13 January 2005
Hundreds of Sea Cucumbers were amongst the wreck of animal remains discovered on the Dinas Dinlle beach west of Llanwrog (south-west of Caernarfon), north-west Wales.
 

They were scattered all over the strandline and shore with other remains including the common Mermaid's Purses (egg cases of the Dogfish) and the decaying carcass of a dead Seal. Sea Cucumbers are an unusual invertebrate washed up between the tides. They were on the sandy shore adjacent to the Iron Age hill fort.

The sea cucumber looks like Thyone fusus can be found as far north as Norway grows up to 20 cm.

Sea Cucumbers; General Information - 1
Sea Cucumbers; General Information - 2

9 October 2004
A visit to three shores in northern Cornwall brought the first report of a Violet Snail, Janthina janthina, with the recent spate of By-the-wind Sailors, Velella velella, strandings. Two shells, one alive and one dead, discovered by Julie Hatcher (Kimmeridge Bay Marine Nature Reserve) on Widemouth Bay beach, near Bude. The strandline was covered in the white skeleton shells of Velella several centimetres thick.
Not only the shell but the soft body of the Violet Snail is also a violet colour. This gastropod feeds of on Velella and secretes a mucus bubble-raft to keep in buoyant. Another animal (a crustacean) that secretes a polystyrene-like raft to keep it afloat is the Buoy Barnacle, Dosima fascicularis, which were present in their hundreds and were still be swept in on to the beach to strand and die. These were more numerous than at least two species of Goose Barnacles, the commonest was Lepas anatifera and the other smaller one washed up was the Duck Barnacle, Lepas pectinata. These two barnacles are always attached to floating debris and are not pelagic, but sessile animals when adult and they become stranded on the shore when the object they attach themselves to becomes dislodged and floats away.

21-23 September 2004

A huge mass stranding of By-the-wind Sailors, Velella velella, occurred all along the north Cornish coast from Sennen Cove (near land's End) up to Polzeath (near Padstow) and beyond. (As the gull flies this is a distance of 25 miles and with all the coves and inlets the shoreline is over double this.) Coming in on the top of the tide, there were hundreds of millions* of them, all large, the largest I found was 85 mm, and all them were intact.
Tens of thousands of Goose Barnacles, Lepas anatifera, were washed up along the strandline.
(* Numbers not calculated. At Gwithian they formed a band 10 metres wide on the shore and stretching for over a mile. The photograph understates the extent of the  stranding.)

14-21 March 2004
A full skeleton of a small 120 cm cetacean was discovered on the shore at Low Newton, in Northumberland, north-east England.
Full Report
 

27 May 2002
"Millions" of Velella velella, the By-the Wind Sailor were discovered by Nick Darke on Porthcothan Beach, Cornwall. They are freshly dead, the float having the animals or at least fragments of the soft tissue, still present. They are probably all along the north coast, especially at Perranporth, so I will be interested to have an idea of the maximum density per sq. metre. The last really big incursion was in June/July 1981 when Rennie Bere counted 150 to 200 per sq. metre, as they came in on the tide (i.e. not heaped up in catchment areas) and he estimated 100,000 for the stretch of shore at Bude.

Largest Stranding on Record

c. 14 March 2002
After a sustained period of north-easterly gales, there was amassive stranding of marine animals and weed on the Yorkshire shore (north-east England) between Fraisethorpe and Barmston (East Yorks: Holderness). The most noticeable of the animals washed up were hundreds of thousands of starfish mostly of the Common Starfish, Asteria rubens, but other species were present. The list of interesting animals washed up included decapod crustaceans including Lobsters that were still alive, crabs etc., a wide variety of fish, sea anemones, polychaete worms, molluscs including octopuses, porpoises, seals and tonnes of seaweed. This is the largest stranding recording on these web pages.

Two species are involved, mainly the Common Cuttle, Sepia officinalis, and the uncommon Sepia orbignyana (5%) which is smaller and has a pink tinge. The cuttlebones of Sepia orbignyana have longer apical spines (Matt Stribley). A range of sizes of the Common Cuttle have been seen and they are complete, with for example, no teeth marks to indicate that they have been eaten.

There seems to be a lot of both cuttlefishes and squids around this year.
The Cuttlefish probably could have died naturally after spawning, but there were a large numbers of smaller cuttlebones from reduced sized (juvenile?) specimens.

You have to be very careful with the identification of the two cuttlebones. It is the angle of the spine that is important and you will have to go to Matt Stribley's site below to see the small detail. In old specimens of Sepia officinalis the cartilage on the outside of the cuttlebone can break away and then the shape will resemble that of Sepia orbignyana.
 
 

Cornwall Wildlife Trust web pages
Cuttlefish File (BMLSS)
Cuttlefish Pages (Matt Stribley)

Two badly decomposed Dolphins were washed up on Shoreham Beach, Sussex. They were badly decomposed but were probably Common Dolphins, Delphinus delphis. A Porpoise, just over a metre long, was washed at nearby Worthing.
Sussex Dolphins
BMLSS Cetacea
Sussex Sea Watch Foundation News 2001

9 February 2002
After a week of gales, the Mantis Shrimp illustrated  was discovered on the tideline at Calshot Spit, Hampshire. It is probably Rissoides desmaresti.

12 February 2002
After a few days of gales, I discovered my first Goose Barnacles, Lepas anatifera, on the Gower peninsular, south Wales, storm shore at Llangenith, after 25 years of searching the strandline. These are the barnacles in the photograph on the right and they varied  in length rom 25 mm length down to small baby ones of 5 mm - 8 mm.

August 2002
We found four of these big blue jellyfish, Rhizostoma octopus, in August washed up on the shoreline of the River Teign between Newton Abbot and Teignmouth in Devon. My husband has size 9 feet, so you can tell they were pretty big!

23 June 2003
There was a mass stranding of 500+  Mauve Stingers (small jellyfish), Pelagia noctiluca, at Porthcothan, Cornwall. This is the most unusual of the British species of pelagic jellyfish to wash up, but large swarms occur in years of abundance.
Despite being a small jellyfish, it has a reputation as a stinger, in the Mediterranean.
Amongst the Sea Rocket, Orache etc., on the strandline, aPeanut Plant has taken root.

Beachcombing Finds:
 

Barnacle Page

Caribbean (Seeds from the)
Cornish Fish Strandings
Cuttlefish & Cuttlebones
Fraisethorpe and Barmston: largest mass stranding on record
Jellyfish Page
Mermaid's Purse
Oil Spills Page
Portuguese Man o'War, Physalia physalis, and the By-the-wind Sailor, Velella velella
Spirula
Torbay (Mass Stranding in)
UK Conchology Smart Group
Velella (Mass Stranding 2002 of this jellyfish-like animal)

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A Good Introduction

The Seashore Naturalist's Handbook
Leslie Jackman
 
 

ISBN  0 600 36447 X
This book may be hard to obtain, although it should be available through the Library system.

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Flintman on Flint (Link)
Hanover Point, Isle of Wight
Longshore Drift
Molluscs page
Orford Ness:  Coastal Ecology of a Shingle Bank (excellent references)
Seashore Page

World Oceans Day